bash字符串前美元符号的作用

int32位 posted @ Dec 01, 2014 01:11:33 PM in linux , 1947 阅读
转载请注明:http://krystism.is-programmer.com/若有错误,请多多指正,谢谢!

problem

bash内置变量IFS作为内部单词分隔符,其默认值为<space><tab><newline>, 我想设置它仅为\n,于是:

OLD_IFS=$IFS
IFS='\n'
# do some work here
IFS=$OLD_IFS

但结果为:IFS把单独的字符当作了分隔符,即分隔符被设置成下划线和字母n 。

Why ?

Solution

通过google搜索,得知需要把\n转化成ANSI-C Quoting, 方法是把字符串放入$'string'中,即应该设置成:

IFS=$'\n'

顺便搜了下$字符的用途,在Unix & Linux, 中解释了字符串前面加$字符的两种形式,一种是单引号,一种是双引号,即

There are two different things going on here, both documented in the bash manual

$'

Dollar-sign single quote is a special form of quoting: ANSI C Quoting Words of the form $'string' are treated specially. The word expands to string, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the ANSI C standard.

$"

Dollar-sign double-quote is for localization: Locale translation A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (‘$’) will cause the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the current locale is C or POSIX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.

因此单引号表示转化成ANSI-C字符,双引号则表示将字符串本地化。

以下是一个实例,ping /etc/hosts的主机名为video-开头的主机名,检查网络状况!

  #!/bin/bash
trap "echo 'interrupted!';exit 1" SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM
OLD_IFS=$IFS
IFS=$'\n'
for i in `awk '$0!~/^$/ && $0!~/^#/ && $2~/^video/ {print $1,$2}' /etc/hosts`
do
    ADDR=$(echo $i | cut -d' ' -f 1)
    DOMAIN=$(echo $i | cut -d' ' -f 2)
    if ping -c 2 $ADDR &>/dev/null
    then
        echo $DOMAIN ok!
    else
        echo $DOMIN dead!
    fi
done
IFS=$OLD_IFS

 

转载请注明:http://krystism.is-programmer.com/若有错误,请多多指正,谢谢!
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