bash数组总结

int32位 posted @ Mar 22, 2016 03:55:52 PM in linux , 1677 阅读
转载请注明：http://krystism.is-programmer.com/若有错误，请多多指正，谢谢！

 

bash支持两种数组，一种是索引数组，一种是关联数组

索引数组

数组的值类型是任意的，索引也未必一定要连续，当做列表理解更好

下面总结下索引数组，即列表：

1. 声明

declare -a a

2. 初始化

a=(1 2 3 4)
# OR
a=([0]=2 [3]=8) # 注意长度为2,不是4

3. 获取列表长度

size=${a[@]}

4. 追加元素

a+=(11 12 13 14)

5. 赋值

a[1]=9

6. 按索引读取

value=${a[0]} # 读取索引0的值

7. 删除某元素

unset a[0]

8. 清空数组

unset a

9. 切片

echo ${a[@]:1:3} # 从索引1开始的3个元素
# 也支持负数索引，-1表示最后一个,但负数必须用括号括住
last=${a[@]:(-1):1}

10. 遍历

for i in ${a[@]}
do
    echo $i
done

关联数组

1. 声明

declare -A map

2. 初始化

map[key1]=value1
map[key2]=value2
# or
map=([key1]=value1 [key2]=value2)

3. 长度

size=${!map[@]}

4. 获取键集合

keyset=${!map[@]}

5. 获取值集合

values=${map[@]}

6. 遍历

for key in ${!map[$@]}
do
    echo $key:${map[$key]}
done

 

转载请注明：http://krystism.is-programmer.com/若有错误，请多多指正，谢谢！
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