以下内容引用Docker —— 从入门到实践
当 Docker 启动时,会自动在主机上创建一个 docker0 虚拟网桥,实际上是 Linux 的一个 bridge,可以理解为一个软件交换机。它会在挂载到它的网口之间进行转发。 同时,Docker 随机分配一个本地未占用的私有网段(在 RFC1918 中定义)中的一个地址给 docker0 接口。比如典型的 172.17.42.1,掩码为 255.255.0.0。此后启动的容器内的网口也会自动分配一个同一网段(172.17.0.0/16)的地址。 当创建一个 Docker 容器的时候,同时会创建了一对 veth pair 接口(当数据包发送到一个接口时,另外一个接口也可以收到相同的数据包)。这对接口一端在容器内,即 eth0;另一端在本地并被挂载到 docker0 网桥,名称以 veth 开头(例如 vethAQI2QT)。通过这种方式,主机可以跟容器通信,容器之间也可以相互通信。Docker 就创建了在主机和所有容器之间一个虚拟共享网络。如图
下面以自定义的容器方式,一步步配置网络, 达到以下目标:
首先创建一个容器,但不使用默认网络配置,使用--net=none
选项:
docker run -t -i --net=none ubuntu:14.04 bash
docker ps # 获取容器id=d344e6e05a99
获取容器pid:
docker inspect d344e6e05a99 | grep -i "\<pid\""
# "Pid": 27383,
pid=27383
创建netns,并把容器放入新建的netns中,好像不能使用ip netns
命令创建,使用以下方法创建:
sudo ln -s /proc/$pid/ns/net /var/run/netns/$pid
验证是否创建成功:
sudo ip netns show
# 27383
# ns1
# test
可见命名为27383的netns已经成功创建!
接下来创建一个veth对,其中一个设置为容器所在的netns
sudo ip link add name veth_d344 type veth peer name veth_d344_peer
sudo ip link set veth_d344_peer netns $pid
进入$pid netns
设置网卡名称和ip:
sudo ip netns exec 27383 bash
sudo ip link set veth_d344_peer name eth0
sudo ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.2/24 # 设置ip为10.0.0.2
ping 10.0.0.2 # 能ping通
exit
在容器中ping 10.0.0.2
也能ping通,说明设置正确
ping 10.0.0.2 # 应该不通
docker exec d344e6e05a99 ping 10.0.0.2 # 成功ping通
创建网桥,并把veth另一端的虚拟网卡加入新创建的网桥中:
sudo brctl addbr br0 # 创建新网桥br0
sudo brctl addif br0 veth_d344 # 把虚拟网卡加入网桥br0中
sudo ifconfig br0 10.0.0.1/24 # 设置网桥ip
sudo ip link set veth_d344 up # 启动虚拟网卡
测试下:
ping 10.0.0.2 # 成功ping通
docker exec d344e6e05a99 ping 10.0.0.1 # 成功ping通
若以上两个都能ping通说明配置成功!
最后,我们需要使得容器能够联外网,需要设置NAT,使用iptables设置:
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -o em1 -j MASQUERADE
设置容器默认路由为网桥ip(注意在容器内使用route add
添加, 会出现SIOCADDRT: Operation not permitted
错误), 因此只能使用ip netns exec
设置:
sudo ip netns exec 27383 route add default gw 10.0.0.1
测试,此时请确保宿主机能够联外网,进入容器内部:
ping baidu.com # 成功ping通,确保icmp没有被禁
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